The Formation of Rocks

The Formation of Rocks The Formation of Rocks Rocks, the fundamental building blocks of the Earth’s crust, come in various types—each with its unique origin and formation process. Here’s a glimpse into the three major rock categories: Sedimentary Rocks: Sedimentary rocks form through a gradual process that spans millions of years. Layer by layer, sediments accumulate on land or the sea floor. Over time, these layers become compacted and cemented, transforming into solid rock—a process known as lithification . A distinctive feature of sedimentary rocks is their tendency to be laid down in visible layers called strata . Examples of sedimentary rocks include sandstone, gypsum, limestone, shale, and conglomerate. Scientific study of these rocks provides insights into Earth’s history and the natural processes that have shaped our planet. Igneous Rocks: Igneous rocks originate from molten material called magma. When volcanoes erupt, magma rises to the Earth’s surface. Once there, it cools an...